国务院办公厅转发国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局关于加强出口商品质量管理工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国务院办公厅转发国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局关于加强出口商品质量管理工作意见的通知(附英文)
国务院办公厅
国务院同意国家经委、经贸部、国家商检局《关于加强出口商品质量管理工作的意见》,现转发给你们,请结合实际情况,认真贯彻执行。
加强出口商品质量管理,是提高经济效益、增加出口创汇的关键。近年来,我国部分出口商品质量下降,不但造成经济损失,影响出口创汇,而且有损于国家信誉。各地区、各有关部门对此要给予高度重视,采取有力措施,尽快扭转这种状况,把出口商品质量搞上去。
关于加强出口商品质量管理工作的意见
一、清理和整顿出口商品的生产厂点
各地区、各部门要对所有生产出口商品的企业进行一次全面清理和整顿,择优定点。凡不具备质量保证的企业,不准生产出口商品。
重点清理、整顿出口商品质量管理较差、生产加工厂点过多、质量问题较多的行业。
二、加强出口商品生产企业的质量管理和检验工作
(一)在生产企业中,对出口商品的质量,厂长(经理)要全面负责。
(二)出口专业厂、出口生产基地和重要出口商品生产企业,可设总质量师。总质量师协助厂长全面负责产品质量的检验和管理工作,有权代表厂长停止不合格出口商品的生产和出厂。
(三)在重要出口商品生产企业,试行国家商检部门派驻质量监督员制度(简称驻厂员制度)。驻厂员代表国家对生产企业的出口商品质量和检验工作进行监督,有权对出口商品使用的原材料、零部件和成品进行检验、抽查或复验。驻厂员如发现出口商品不合格,有权停止出口商品出
厂,并可通知外贸经营单位不予收购。
(四)所有出口商品生产企业,都要推行全面质量管理,健全质量责任制,加强检验工作,制订严格的工艺规程和劳动纪律。尽快建立和完善出口商品生产企业的质量保证体系。
三、加强出口商品质量的监督和检验
(一)一切出口商品都必须经过检验。不合格的商品(包括包装不合格)不准出厂,外贸经营单位不得收购,商检部门不予出证放行。
(二)逐步充实商检部门的力量,完善出口商品检验手段。
(三)商检部门要会同有关主管部门加快对重要出口商品发放出口商品质量许可证的工作。凡是实行出口商品质量许可证的商品,未取得出口商品质量许可证的,经贸主管部门不能签发出口许可证。
(四)经贸主管部门要加强对外贸经营单位的监督、检查,督促外贸经营单位加强质量管理工作,健全验收制度,增强验收力量,切实做到择优安排出口生产,择优收购商品,坚持质量第一、以质取胜的经营方针。凡不具备外贸经营条件的单位,经贸主管部门有权取消其外贸经营资格
,并通知工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照。严禁违反国家规定,通过非正常渠道或采取不正当手段出口商品。
四、要把提高出口商品质量,作为企业技术进步工作的重点
各地区、各部门要根据外贸出口的战略需要,以提高产品质量、增加创汇为重点,调整技术进步的投资结构和方向,将出口商品的重点生产企业、专业厂与生产基地的技术改造、科技攻关、技术引进、测试检验、扩大生产、降低消耗等各方面的措施衔接起来。大力改善出口商品仓储条
件,减少商品的污染和损坏。
五、明确出口商品的质量责任
为了保证出口商品的质量,各有关单位和部门都要有明确的责任和制度。出口商品因质量问题造成经济损失或产生不良影响时,必须分清生产加工企业、外贸经营单位、仓储运输单位、商检部门和其他有关部门的责任。凡属渎职、失职造成的质量事故,要追究责任者和有关领导者的责
任,并严肃处理。
六、进一步改善出口商品的包装
中国包装进出口总公司要会同中国包装总公司,进一步研究制订改进出口商品包装的方案、计划和措施。当前要解决好出口食品、饮料、烟叶、罐头、五金、机械、陶瓷、纺织品、服装、棉花和危险品的包装,协调落实包装生产厂点和原材料供应,健全包装质量标准,加强质量管理、
检验和监督工作。
七、加强出口商品的标准化工作,改善口岸的计量条件
(一)标准、商检和经贸部门要会同各主管部门,加快制定和修订出口商品标准及出口检验标准。
(二)运输主管部门要会同商检和计量部门共同研究提出改进口岸计量条件的方案,纳入运输主管部门和有关地区技术改造规划,三年内基本改善口岸计量条件。
八、加强出口商品商标和出口专利产品的管理
(一)对名牌出口商品商标的使用,经贸和工商行政管理部门要共同进行一次清理整顿,加强管理,保护名牌出口商品。
(二)未经上级主管机关批准或专利权人同意,生产企业和外贸经营单位不得生产和经营出口专利产品。
(三)对国内外假冒我国出口商品商标、仿制我出口专利产品和伪造我商检证书的侵权、违法行为,要坚决查处、及时起诉,维护企业和我国的合法权益。
上述意见,如无不妥,请批转各地区、各部门贯彻执行。(附英文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE TRAN-SMISSION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COM-MISSION, THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THESTATE BUREAU OF IMPORT AND
EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THESTRENGTHENIN
Important Notice: (注意事项)
英文本源自中华人民共和国务院法制局编译, 中国法制出版社出版的《中华人民
共和国涉外法规汇编》(1991年7月版).
当发生歧意时, 应以法律法规颁布单位发布的中文原文为准.
This English document is coming from the "LAWS AND REGULATIONS OF THE
PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA GOVERNING FOREIGN-RELATED MATTERS" (1991.7)
which is compiled by the Brueau of Legislative Affairs of the State
Council of the People's Republic of China, and is published by the China
Legal System Publishing House.
In case of discrepancy, the original version in Chinese shall prevail.
Whole Document (法规全文)
CIRCULAR OF THE GENERAL OFFICE OF THE STATE COUNCIL ON THE TRAN-
SMISSION OF THE RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COM-
MISSION, THE MINISTRY OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THE
STATE BUREAU OF IMPORT AND EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THE
STRENGTHENING OF QUALITY CONTROL OF EXPORT COMMODITIES
(April 29, 1987)
The State Council has accepted The Recommendations Concerning the
Strengthening of Quality Control of Export Commodities, submitted by the
State Economic Commission, the Ministry of Foreign Economic Relations and
Trade, and the State Bureau of Import and Export Commodities Inspection.
The Recommendations are hereby transmitted to you, and you are requested
to implement them conscientiously in light of the actual conditions in
your spheres of activities.
The strengthening of quality control of export commodities is the key to
increasing economic returns as well as foreign exchange earnings. In
recent years, the quality of some of our country's export commodities has
shown a decline, which has not only caused economic losses and affected
foreign exchange earnings by exports, but also marred the reputation of
our country. All the localities and departments concerned shall give the
amplest attention to this state of affairs, take effective measures to
remedy it quickly so as to upgrade the quality of our export commodities.
RECOMMENDATIONS SUBMITTED BY THE STATE ECONOMIC COMMISSION, THE MINISTRY
OF FOREIGN ECONOMIC RELATIONS AND TRADE, AND THE STATE BUREAU OF IMPORT
AND EXPORT COMMODITIES INSPECTION CONCERNING THE STRENGTHENING OF QUALITY
CONTROL OF EXPORT COMMODITIES
(Extracts)
In recent years, the quality of some of our country's export commodities
has shown a decline, which has not only caused economic losses and had an
unfavourable impact on the foreign exchange earnings by exports, but also
marred the reputation of our country. In order to rapidly remedy this
situation and to strengthen quality control of our export commodities, we
hereby submit, on the basis of the investigations and studies of the
aforesaid situation and the opinions solicited from all localities and
departments concerned, the following recommendations:
I. Checking up and Rectifying Factories to be Designated as Export
Commodities Manufacturers
All the localities and departments concerned must carry out an all-round
checking-up on, and rectification of, all the enterprises that are
manufacturing export commodities and then designate from among them the
most outstanding ones as manufacturers of commodities for export. Those
enterprises found to be lacking the conditions for guaranteeing the
quality of their products shall not be permitted to manufacture
commodities for export. The State Economic Commission, the Ministry of
Foreign Economic Relations and Trade, and the State Bureau of Import and
Export Commodities Inspection shall jointly be responsible for the
checking-up and rectification in conjunction with other competent organs
concerned. The checking-up and rectification shall be focused on those
industries whose quality control over export commodities is comparatively
poor, whose number of factories designated for producing and processing
export commodities is too large, and whose quality problems are numerous.
II. Strengthening the Quality Control and Inspection Work in Enterprises
Producing Export Commodities
(1) In production enterprises, the factory director (the manager) shall
take overall responsibility for quality of export commodities.
(2) In factories specially engaged in the production of export
commodities, the production bases of export commodities, and the
enterprises producing import and export commodities, the post of chief
quality controller may be set up. The chief quality controller shall
assist the factory director in taking the overall responsibility for
inspecting and controlling the quality of products, for implementing the
Regulations on the Responsibility for Quality Control of Industrial
Products, for organizing the formulation and implementation of the rules
for reward and penalty relating to the quality of products, and for making
the decision, on behalf of the factory director, to stop the production
and delivery out of the factory of sub-standard export commodities.
(3) In enterprises producing important export commodities, the system of
having a resident quality supervisor stationed in the enterprise and sent
by the State commodities inspection department (referred to, for short, as
"the resident supervisor system") shall be implemented on a trial basis.
The resident supervisor shall, in the name of the State, exercise
supervision over the quality and inspection of the production enterprise's
export commodities, and have the right to inspect, to spot check, or to
re-inspect the finished products, or the raw and processed materials, or
spare parts and components, used in manufacturing export commodities. In
case where the resident supervisor discovers that the export commodities
are not up to the standard, he/she has the right to stop the delivery out
of the factory of the export commodities, and may ask the foreign trade
corporations not to purchase the said export commodities. The production
enterprise shall provide the resident supervisor with working conditions,
the data of quality, and relevant technical documents for carrying out
quality inspection; and it shall also inspect, spot check, or re-inspect
its products, as required by the resident supervisor. The resident
supervisors shall be personnel of the State commodities inspection
departments, and their salaries, bonuses and welfare benefits shall all be
borne by the sending department so that no direct economic connections
shall exist between the resident supervisors and the production
enterprise.
(4) All the production enterprises manufacturing export commodities shall
implement an all-round quality control, strengthen and perfect the quality
responsibility system, strengthen inspection work, and work out strict
technological processes and labour discipline. The factory director shall
appoint a person who has technical know-how, experience and strong sense
of responsibility, as head of the inspection department, and this
appointment shall be reported to the authorities in charge of the
enterprise for the record. No department or individual within the
enterprise shall be permitted to interfere with the work conducted by the
inspection department, and its independence in performing its functions
shall be guaranteed. It is imperative to establish and perfect, as soon as
possible, the quality guarantee system in enterprises producing export
commodities.
III. Strengthening the Supervision and Inspection of the Quality of Export
Commodities
All export commodities must undergo the process of inspection. Commodities
that are not up to the standard (including those whose packaging is not up
to the standard) shall not be permitted to leave the factory; the foreign
trade corporations shall not be permitted to purchase such commodities;
and the commodities inspection department shall not issue export licence
and grant clearance.
The working contingent of the commodities inspection department shall be
reinforced gradually, and the means of inspection of export commodities be
perfected. The commodities inspection department shall, in conjunction
with the competent authorities concerned, speed up the work for issuing
quality licenses for important export commodities. With respect to those
commodities to which the system of quality licence for export commodities
applies, the competent authorities for foreign economic relations and
trade shall not issue for them export licences before they have obtained
quality licenses for export commodities.
The competent authorities for foreign economic relations and trade shall
strengthen their supervision over and inspection of foreign trade
corporations, and urge them to strengthen the work of quality control, to
improve examination-and-acceptance system, and reinforce the working
personnel for the system, to strive to do a good job in selecting
outstanding factories to manufacture commodities for export, to purchase
commodities from the factories that produce quality products, and to
adhere to the principle of "placing quality first, and winning over the
customers by offering them quality products". The competent authorities
for foreign economic relations and trade shall have the right to
disqualify those units which do not have the qualifications for doing
foreign trade business, and ask the administrative department for industry
and commerce to revoke their business licences. The exportation of
commodities through irregular channels or by using crooked means by
violation of the State provisions shall be strictly prohibited.
IV. Taking the Improvement of the Quality of Export Commodities as the
Focus of the Work of Technical Advancement
All the localities and departments shall, in accordance with the
requirements of the strategy of export and foreign trade, make adjustment
in the structure and the orientation of investment for technical
advancement, and link up the various measures adopted for technical
transformation, the tackling of difficult problems (in science and
technology), the importation of technology, testing and inspection, the
expansion of production, and the reduction in consumption of raw materials
and energy, at the key production enterprises, specialized factories, and
production bases for the manufacture of export commodities by taking the
improvement of the quality of products and the increases in foreign
exchange earnings as the focal point. Strenuous efforts shall be devoted
to the improvement of the warehousing and storage conditions for export
commodities, so as to reduce or eliminate the contamination of or damages
to export commodities.
V. Clearly Defining the Responsibility for the Quality of Export
Commodities
In order to guarantee the quality of export commodities, all units and
departments concerned must have both a clear-out definition of the job
responsibility and rules. If the poor quality of some export commodities
has resulted in economic losses or made a negative reflection on China's
reputation, it is imperative to check up on the responsibilities to be
borne by the production and processing enterprises, the foreign trade
corporations, the warehousing and storage units, the department for
commodities inspection, or other departments concerned. Cases of quality
problem caused by dereliction or neglect of one's duty shall be looked
into, and the person in charge as well as the leading personnel involved
shall be held responsible and be dealt with in all seriousness.
VI. Further Improving the Packing of Export Commodities
The China National Packing Import and Export Company shall, in cooperation
with the China National Packing Corporation, conduct further studies on,
and work out programs and measures for the improvement of the packing of
export commodities. Each year, efforts must be made to improve the packing
of certain categories of export commodities. At present, it is imperative
to improve the packing of foodstuffs, beverages, tobacco leaves, canned
foods, hardware, machinery, ceramics, textiles, garments, cotton, and
dangerous articles. The two companies shall coordinate the supply-and-
demand relationship between packing factories and packing material
suppliers, perfect the packing standards, and strengthen the work of
quality control, inspection and supervision.
VII. Strengthening the Standardization of Export Commodities, and
Improving the Conditions for Conducting Measurement at Ports
(1) The authorities of standardization of commodities inspection, and of
foreign economic relations and trade shall, in cooperation with various
competent organs, speed up the formulation and revision of the standards
for export commodities and inspection criteria.
(2) The competent authorities of transportation shall, in cooperation with
the authorities of commodities inspection and metrological authorities,
submit a plan to improve metrological conditions at ports and incorporate
it into the program for technological transformation of the competent
authorities of transportation and the interested localities so as to
improve basically the metrological conditions at ports within 3 years.
VIII. Strengthening the Administration of Trademarks of Export Commodities
and Patented Products
With respect to the use of trademarks for export commodities of famous
brands, the authorities of foreign economic relations and trade and the
administrative departments for industry and commerce shall jointly conduct
a checking-up and rectification campaign to strengthen the administration
and protect export commodities of famous brands. Without the approval of
the competent authorities at a higher level or without the consent of the
patentee, no production enterprises and foreign trade corporations may
produce patented products for export and engage in export of such
products. Cases occurring either at home or abroad of infringements or
illegal acts such as counterfeiting the trademarks of our export
commodities, imitating the patented commodities we export or forging our
export commodities inspection certificates shall be resolutely
investigated and dealt with, and the offenders shall even be prosecuted in
time so as to safeguard the lawful rights and interests of the enterprises
as well as of the State.
If no inappropriateness is found in the recommendations submitted above,
we request that they be approved and transmitted to all the localities and
departments for implementation.
1987年4月29日
关于进一步规范出版物文字使用的通知
新闻出版总署
关于进一步规范出版物文字使用的通知
新出政发【2010】11号
各省、自治区、直辖市新闻出版局,新疆生产建设兵团新闻出版局,解放军总政治部宣传部新闻出版局:
报刊、图书、音像制品和电子书、互联网等各类出版物作为大众性的重要传播媒介,是语言文字规范化的实践者和宣传者,多年来,在规范使用语言文字,宣传促进语言文字规范化方面作出了重要贡献,为正确使用语言文字起到了积极示范作用。但是,随着经济社会的发展,在报纸、期刊、图书、音像制品和电子书、互联网等各类出版物中,外国语言文字使用量剧增,出现了在汉语言中随意夹杂英语等外来语、直接使用英文单词或字母缩写、生造一些非中非外、含义不清的词语等滥用语言文字的问题,严重损害了汉语言文字的规范性和纯洁性,破坏了和谐健康的语言文化环境,造成了不良的社会影响。
今年10月31日是《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》发布10周年纪念日,出版媒体和出版单位要以此为契机,大力宣传《国家通用语言文字法》,并在出版工作中认真贯彻执行有关法律规定。为进一步促进语言文字的规范化、标准化,认真贯彻中央关于规范出版语言文字使用的要求,依据《中华人民共和国国家通用语言文字法》、《出版物汉字使用管理规定》及新闻出版有关法律、法规、规章,现就进一步加强规范出版文字使用的有关问题通知如下:
一、充分认识规范使用汉语言文字的重要意义。各类出版媒体和出版单位要高度重视出版物文字规范化工作,严格执行规范汉语言文字这一基本的语言文字政策,把宣传和规范使用汉语言文字作为传承中华文明、促进社会主义精神文明建设的一件重要职责,在出版活动中切实贯彻落实有关规范汉语言文字的法律法规。
二、严格执行规范使用汉语言文字有关规定。出版媒体和出版单位要采取有效措施,严格执行《出版物汉字使用管理规定》第五条“报纸、期刊、图书、音像制品等出版物的报头(名)、刊名、封皮(包括封面、封底、书脊等)、包装装饰物、广告宣传品等用字,必须使用规范汉字,禁止使用不规范汉字。出版物的内文(包括正文、内容提要、目录以及版权记录项目等辅文),必须使用规范汉字,禁止使用不规范汉字。”等有关条款,坚决抵制不良文化倾向,正确使用汉语言文字,为促进汉语言文字的规范化和健康发展发挥示范带头作用。
三、高度重视规范使用外国语言文字。出版媒体和出版单位要进一步加强外国语言文字的使用规范化,尊重并遵循汉语言及所使用的外国语言文字的结构规律和词汇、语法规则。在汉语出版物中,禁止出现随意夹带使用英文单词或字母缩写等外国语言文字;禁止生造非中非外、含义不清的词语;禁止任意增减外文字母、颠倒词序等违反语言规范现象。汉语文出版物中需要使用外国语言文字的,应当用国家通用语言文字作必要的注释。外国语言文字的翻译应当符合翻译的基本原则和惯例。外国人名、地名等专有名词和科学技术术语要按有关规定翻译成国家通用语言文字。
四、各级新闻出版行政部门要进一步加强对出版物语言文字使用及质量的管理和检查。将出版物使用语言文字情况,尤其是使用外语规范情况作为出版物质量检查和年度核验的重要内容,并将其纳入日常审读范围。对违反使用语言文字规范的,要责令改正,依法予以行政处罚。
五、出版媒体、出版单位及各级新闻出版行政部门要加强对规范使用汉语言文字的宣传教育。要引导社会大众自觉弘扬民族文化,使语言文字符合规范要求,适合国情,方便群众。
六、本通知要传达到所有出版媒体和出版单位,要求认真贯彻落实。
新闻出版总署
二〇一〇年十一月二十三日